The immune system protects the body from infections and diseases, but it must also avoid attacking healthy tissues. This balance is crucial, and a special group of cells called regulatory T cells, or Tregs, play a key role in maintaining it. In 2025, Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking discoveries about Tregs. Their work has transformed our understanding of immune regulation and opened n